The semi-presidential system, also known as the presidential-parliamentary system, or premier-presidential system, is a system of government in which a president and a prime minister are both active participants in the day-to-day administration of the state. It differs from a parliamentary republic in that it has a popularly elected head of state who is more than a purely ceremonial figurehead, and from the presidential system in that the cabinet, although named by the president, is responsible to the legislature, which may force the cabinet to resign through a motion of no confidence.
Parliamentary weakness
Semi-presidential systems are characterized by the limitation of the powers of the parliament, in contrast not only with parliamentary systems, but also with pure presidential systems. The French Constitution explicitly enumerates the matters in which the parliament is allowed to create laws, while all other affairs are reserved to the government decrees; it forbids sessions longer than four months in a year without the approval of the Prime minister or his majority and a presidential decree; it puts out of order every bill or amendment which would reduce public revenues or increase charges on the revenues; and it allows no more than eight parliamentary committees, thus reducing the parliamentary workload in comparison to parliaments of pure presidential countries, like the United States Congress.
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